Ahmedabad, the vibrant city known for its rich cultural tapestry, boasts a unique architectural gem that stands out—the Pols. These are not just residential clusters; they are a testament to the city’s historical and cultural heritage. But what exactly are Pols, and why are they so significant in Ahmedabad’s history?
Understanding the Concept of Pols
Pols are traditional housing clusters found in the walled city of Ahmedabad. Originating during the 17th century, these tightly-knit communities were initially built as a defence mechanism against invaders. Each Pol is essentially a micro-neighbourhood, comprising a series of houses that open into a central courtyard, with narrow, winding lanes connecting them.
Why Pols Are Unique to Ahmedabad?
Pols are more than just residential spaces; they are unique to Ahmedabad because they encapsulate the essence of communal living, combining privacy with a strong sense of community. The design is such that despite the proximity of the houses, each family enjoys its own space, yet there’s always a neighbour within earshot, ready to lend a hand.
List of Pols in Ahmedabad
The Pols of Ahmedabad are a significant part of the city’s architectural and cultural heritage. Each Pol, with its unique history and charm, contributes to the intricate tapestry that defines Ahmedabad’s old city.
Some of the prominent Pols include Aaka Sheth Kuva Ni Pol and Ambli Ni Pol, which are known for their traditional architecture and close-knit communities. Amrutlal Ni Pol and Arjunlal Ni Khadki also stand out, offering glimpses into the lifestyles of Ahmedabad’s early settlers.
Moving through the walled city, you’ll encounter Bangla Ni Pol and Bapa Shastri Ni Pol, both rich in history and cultural significance. The Bhadva Pol and Bhanderi Ni Pol are among the older Pols, where the architecture reflects the era in which they were built. Bhau Ni Pol and Bhavanpura Ni Pol similarly echo the city’s past, each lane and courtyard telling stories of a bygone era.
Boabadiya Vaidh Ni Khadki and Bukhara Ni Pol are known for their beautiful carvings and historic significance. The charm of Chagan Daftar Ni Pol and Chhaghara No Pol lies in their unique layouts and the close community bonds that are still visible today. Chipa Mavji Ni Pol and Dabgarvad are not just names but living examples of Ahmedabad’s architectural evolution.
In the heart of the city, Derdka Ni Pol and Desai Ni Pol stand as testaments to the city’s communal living tradition. Dev Ni Sheri and Devji Saraia Ni Pol are known for their intricate designs and the sense of community they foster. Devsa No Pado and Deydi Ni Pol are perfect examples of how Ahmedabad’s Pols are more than just residential areas—they are hubs of culture and tradition.
Dhal Ni Pol and Dhanashuthar Ni Pol showcase the unique architectural features that make Ahmedabad’s Pols so special. Dhanpipla Ni Khadki and Dhinkva Pol are rich in history, each home with its own story. Bado Pol and Dhobi Ni Pol represent the working-class roots of many of Ahmedabad’s early settlers.
Doshiwada Ni Pol and Durgamata Ni Pol are must-visit spots for anyone interested in the city’s history. Fafda Pol and Fatasa Pol offer not just architectural beauty but also a look into the everyday lives of their inhabitants. Gangadhiya Ni Pol and Gatrad Ni Pol are famed for their community spirit and the festivals celebrated within their walls.
The Ghanchi Ni Pol and Ghasiram Ni Pol are particularly known for their communal spaces, where generations have gathered to share their lives. Gojaria Ni Pol and Golwad continue to thrive, maintaining the delicate balance between preserving heritage and adapting to modern life.
Exploring Goti Ni Sheri and Gusa Parekh Ni Pol gives you a glimpse into the craftsmanship that went into building these Pols. Habib Ni Golvad and Haja Patel Ni Pol are not just homes but places where culture, tradition, and history come alive. Hajira Ni Pol and Halim Ni Khadki are also noteworthy for their architectural significance.
The Hanuman Ni Khadki and Hanuman Pol are dedicated to the worship of Lord Hanuman, reflecting the deep religious roots of the community. Haran Ni Pol and Hari Bhakti Ni Pol are steeped in tradition, while Harikarsandas Sheth Ni Pol and Hathikhana are known for their grandeur. Hathi No Choro and Haveli Ni Pol showcase the wealth and status of their original inhabitants.
The Hinglok Joshi Ni Pol and Hira Gandhi Ni Pol are among the many Pols that offer a rich cultural experience, each with its unique flavour. Jadav Bhagat Ni Pole and Jalkukdi Ni Pol are known for their historical significance, while Jani Ni Khadki and Jati Ni Pol offer a look into the past with their well-preserved architecture.
Javeriwad and Jethabhai Ni Pol are jewels of the old city, while Jivan Pol and Kachariya Pol reflect the traditional Gujarati lifestyle. Kadva Pol and Kaka Baliya Ni Pol are notable for their unique layouts, and Kaljug Ni Khadki and Kalumiya No Takyo stand as reminders of the city’s multi-religious past.
Kalushi Ni Pol and Kameshwar Ni Pol continue to draw visitors with their historical charm. Kansara Ni Pol and Kavishvar Ni Pol are deeply connected to the city’s artisanal history, while Khatri Pol and Khichda Ni Pol are examples of Ahmedabad’s architectural diversity.
Khijada Ni Pol, Khijda Ni Pol, and Khijda Sheri are clusters that have maintained their traditional roots despite the city’s rapid modernization. Kikabhatt Ni Pol and Kokadia Ni Pol reflect the city’s rich cultural history, while Khiskoli Ni Pol and Kokadiya Ni Pol are known for their unique urban layouts.
As you venture further, you’ll find Kothari Ni Pol, Kuvavalo Khancho, and Lakha Patel Ni Pol, each with its own story to tell. Lakhiya Ni Pol, Lala Vasa Ni Pol, and Lalabhai Ni Pol offer a mix of tradition and modernity. Lamba Pada Ni Pol and Lambeshwar Ni Pol stand out for their architectural finesse.
Pols like Limda Sheri, Mahajanwado, and Mahalaxmi Ni Pol offer a rich historical experience, while Mahalaxmi No Khancho, Mahurat Pol, and Makeriwad continue to be centres of community life. Mali Ni Pol, Mamani Ni Pol, and Mamunayak Ni Pol are examples of how the Pols have adapted to changing times.
The Mandavi Ni Pol, Maniyasa Ni Khadki, and Mankodi Ni Pol offer insights into the city’s architectural heritage. At the same time, Marchi Pol, Mehta Ni Pol, and Modhwada showcase the Pols’ evolution over time. Morlidhan No Vero, Moti Rangila Pol, and Moti Salepari are known for their unique architectural features.
Motibhai Ni Khadki, Moto Sutharwado, and Moti Vasansheri reflect the social dynamics of the past, while Nani Vasansheri, Khatriwad, and Bhavsar No Khanchho offer a glimpse into the lives of the city’s artisans. Luhar Sheri, Kadiawad, and Tadiyani Pol continue to thrive as vibrant communities.
Gandhini Pol, Mumanawad, and Makeriwad are testaments to the city’s rich history, while Navgharini Pol, Pipla Pol, and Limda Pol remain integral parts of the old city. Nadavada Ni Pol, Nagar Bhagat Ni Pol, and Nagarbodi Ni Pol are known for their historical significance.
Nagarvado, Nagina Pol, and Nagjibhudar Ni Pol are examples of how Pols have maintained their traditional roots. Nagorivad, Nagu Master No Delo, and Naiwado continue to be centres of community life. Nani Hama Ni Pol, Nani Rangila Pol, and Nano Sutharwado offer a glimpse into the city’s past.
Nansha Jivan Ni Pol, Navdhani Ni Pol, and Nisha Pol are among the many Pols that have preserved their architectural heritage. Pada Pol, Padi Pol, and Pagathiawalo Khancho are known for their community spirit. Pakhali Ni Pol, Panchbhai Ni Pol, and Panditji Ni Pol reflect the city’s cultural diversity.
Panjara Pol, Parabdi Ni Pol, and Parekh Ni Khadki are examples of Ahmedabad’s traditional living spaces. Patasa Ni Pol, Pipla Sheri, and Pipardi Ni Pol showcase the city’s unique urban design. Pushpkala Ni Pole, Rabarivas, and Raja Mehta Ni Pol continue to be vital parts of the city’s heritage.
Ranchhodji Ni Pol, Ratan Pol, and Rugnath Bamb Ni Pol offer insights into the city’s architectural evolution. At the same time, Rupa Surchand Ni Pol, Sadmata Ni Pol, and Sai Baba Ni Pol are known for their cultural significance. Salvi Ni Pol, Sambhavnath Ni Pol, and Samet Shikhar Ni Pol continue to thrive as vibrant communities.
Sankdi Sheri, Sarkhedi Ni Khadki, and Sarkivad Ni Pole are among the many Pols that have maintained their traditional roots. Sathwara No Khancho, Shamalji Thavar Ni Pol, and Shamla Ni Pol are known for their historical significance. Shangar Sheri, Shantinath Ni Pol, and Sheth Ni Pol offer a glimpse into the past with their well-preserved architecture.
Shevka Ni Wadi, Shriramji Ni Sheri, and Sodagar Ni Pol are examples of how Pols have adapted to changing times. Soni Ni Khadki, Soni Ni Pol, and Soni No Khancho continue to be centres of community life. Surdas Sheth Ni Pol, Sutariya Ni Pol, and Syamsangha Ni Pol offer a rich cultural experience.
Taliya Ni Pol, Temla Ni Pol, and Tokarsha Ni Pol are known for their community spirit. Tulsi Kyara Ni Khadki, Vada Pol Khadia, and Vaghan Pol reflect the city’s architectural diversity. Vagheshvarimata Ni Pol, Vagheshvar Ni Pole, and Verai Pada Ni Pol continue to be vital parts of the city’s heritage.
Vinchi Ni Pol, Wadigaam, and Zampada Ni Pol are among the many Pols that have preserved their architectural heritage. Zumkhi Ni Pol, Zupdi Ni Pol, and Havada Ni Pol offer insights into the city’s traditional living spaces. Hera Bhagat Ni Pol, Tankshal Pol, and Bakra Pol Retiyawadi continue to be vibrant communities.
The Pols of Ahmedabad, like Dhobi Ni Pole Khadia, Shree Ramji Ni Sheri Sarangpur, Jarovali Nu Naku Khadia, and Golwad Khadia, are a testament to the city’s rich cultural and architectural history. Each of these Pols, from Gilwad Sarangpur to Bapu Mehta Ni Pole Raipur and Dolat Khana Raipur, tells a unique story of the people who lived there and the traditions they upheld.
Hajira Ni Pole Raipur, Jani Wado, Vad Ni Pole Raipur, and Kach Vado are perfect examples of how the Pols have managed to maintain their historical significance in the face of modernization. Kalu Miya No Takiyo Golwad Khadia and Lalavasa Ni Pole are among the many Pols that continue to thrive, preserving the essence of old Ahmedabad while embracing the new.
The Architectural Marvel of Pols
The architectural layout of Pols is both functional and aesthetic. The houses within a Pol are typically two to three stories high and made of brick and lime plaster. The streets are narrow, allowing only foot traffic, which gives the area a serene, old-world charm. The Pols are also designed to keep the harsh summer heat at bay, with shaded verandahs and intricately carved wooden facades that serve as natural insulators.
Significance of Wood and Stone Carvings
One of the most striking features of Pols is the exquisite wood and stone carvings that adorn the homes. The wooden brackets, columns, and door frames are often intricately carved with motifs from Hindu mythology, floral designs, and geometric patterns. These carvings not only add to the aesthetic appeal but also reflect the skilled artisanship that has been passed down through generations.
The Role of Vastu Shastra in Pol Construction
Vastu Shastra, the ancient Indian science of architecture, plays a significant role in the construction of Pols. The orientation of the houses, the layout of the courtyards, and even the placement of doors and windows are all aligned according to Vastu principles to ensure harmony, prosperity, and well-being for the inhabitants.
The Historical Context of Pols
Pols During the Sultanate Era
The history of Pols can be traced back to the time of the Gujarat Sultanate, which ruled Ahmedabad during the 15th and 16th centuries. During this period, the city saw the fusion of Hindu and Islamic architectural styles, and Pols were no exception. The arched gateways, domed structures, and intricate latticework (jali) are a direct influence on Islamic architecture.
Growth of Pols Under Mughal Rule
Under the Mughal Empire, Ahmedabad continued to flourish, and so did the Pols. The Mughals, known for their architectural grandeur, influenced the design of many Pols, which incorporated more elaborate carvings, decorative elements, and spacious courtyards. This period also saw the expansion of Pols as more people settled in Ahmedabad.
Pols in the British Era: Impact of Colonial Architecture
The advent of British rule in India brought about significant changes in the architectural landscape of Ahmedabad, including the Pols. While the basic structure of Pols remained intact, there were subtle influences of colonial architecture, such as the introduction of glass windows and the use of wrought iron.
How Pols Adapted to Modern Changes?
Despite the colonial influence, the essence of Pols remained unchanged. However, the 19th and 20th centuries saw the introduction of modern amenities such as electricity and piped water, which were seamlessly integrated into the traditional Pols without altering their core structure.
Cultural Significance of Pols
Community Living in Pols
Living in a Pol is like being part of an extended family. The close-knit nature of these communities fosters strong social bonds. Neighbours look out for each other, and there is a deep sense of belonging. The communal spaces, like the central courtyards and chabutaras (bird feeders), serve as gathering spots where people meet, chat, and celebrate life’s milestones together.
Festivals and Celebrations Unique to Pols
Festivals in a Pol are a communal affair. Be it Diwali, Holi, or Uttarayan, the entire Pol comes together to celebrate with great enthusiasm. The narrow lanes are lit with diyas, and the air is filled with the aroma of traditional sweets. These celebrations are not just about festivities; they are about reinforcing the community’s cultural identity.
Economic Activities in Pols
Cottage Industries and Trade
Pols are not just residential spaces; they have historically been hubs of economic activity. Many Pols housed cottage industries such as weaving, pottery, and jewellery making. These industries provided livelihoods to the inhabitants and contributed to the local economy.
Efforts to Preserve the Heritage of Pols
Recognizing the historical and cultural significance of Pols, the government has taken several initiatives to preserve them. The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, along with heritage conservation organizations, has been working to restore and maintain these structures. Pols in Ahmedabad have even been included in the UNESCO World Heritage City list, highlighting their global importance.